In the center of Cordoba the students joined the demonstration, which was met by police and army troops and transformed the city into a battlefield for two days. Following the coup, the company was gradually run down, a process carried out by the dictator Juan Carlos Onganía and Roberto Noble, owner of the newspaper Clarín. Struggle on the farms was met with machine guns. The large number of the Rural Society's members during the Frondizi and Guido administrations has been explained by de Palomino as stemming from the strong military influence upon those two presidents, in particular the … Between 1930 and 1966, the Argentine armed forces, or factions of the armed forces, overthrew the government five times. Lanusse created a new judicial body, the Federal Court Against Subversion, to try political cases. 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1966th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 966th year of the 2nd millennium, the 66th year of the 20th century, and the 7th year of the 1960s decade. López Rega, who used the rightist crusade to consolidate his power base, favoured labour and army leaders who personally supported him, and this style of favouritism created hostility among union, political, and military leaders. This was another action that distinguished this dictatorship from the previous ones. is an interesting and original little historical espionage novel, with its chapters alternating between the main character's presence during the lead-up to the Argentine Revolution in mid-1966 AND her problematic teen years in conventional suburban Maryland of the late 50's. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The May Revolution started the Argentine War of Independence by replacing the viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros with the first national government. De 1966 à 1983, tandis que les dictatures militaires ou civiles s'enchaînent et que pleuvent les matraques, l'Argentine connaît une incroyable effervescence... Réécouter Révolution roumaine : trente ans après, l’espoir entravé écouter (54 min) 54 min. Cisneros tried to stall, but the city leaders would not be denied. The Cordobazo inspired a wave of strikes and protests against the Ongania administration, which became more heavy-handed as the opposition turned more militant. Onganía implemented corporatist policies, experimenting in particular in Córdoba under the governance of Carlos Caballero. The Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, who lost children to the Dirty War, began calling international attention to the plight of the desaparecidos (“disappeared persons”) through weekly Thursday afternoon vigils in the Plaza de Mayo, fronting the presidential palace. document.cookie = "__adblocker=" + (adblocker ? Within a year the balance of payments suffered, however. Guide de l’Argentine Le XXe siècle en Argentine fut marqué à la fois par un âge d’or, puis par les dictatures militaires et la figure de Perón. S'emploie en tête de vedette ou en subdivision. (ISBN 987-1158-02-5) Entre tupas y perros.. De Santis, Daniel. A civilian from an old family, José Martínez de Hoz, became economy minister, but, keen as he was to deregulate the economy, the armed forces were equally determined to keep control. Encouraged by the Cuban Revolution and the May 1968 uprisings in France, the Cordobazo (literally, coup of Córdoba) sprang from the militant working classes and received support from the local business community, students, and the liberal sectors of the Catholic church. Devenu l'homme fort de la révolution argentine, il élimine Ongania et Levingston. For 1966 coup d'etat, see Argentine Revolution. Peron gave them rights. 10 The Movement of Priests for the Third World was organized in 1968 by the liberal wing of the Argentine clergy, which applied the tenets of the Second Vatican Council (1962-65) and those of the 1968 Latin American Bishops' Conference in Medellin, Colombia, to the Argentine reality. A particularly vocal critic of both left- and right-wing violence was Adolfo Pérez Esquivel, who was arrested and tortured in 1977 and received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1980. Un « Processus de réorganisation nationale » est entamé le jour même de la prise de pouvoir. Adalbert Krieger Vasena, minister of economy and labour, attempted to stabilize the economy by again devaluing the currency and then undertaking programs in electric power, steel, roads, and housing. Las elecciones de 1963 se habían desarrollado en un ambiente bastante convulso. L’Argentine est ainsi le dernier pays du Cône sud à basculer dans la dictature. Argentine Revolution (Spanish: Revolución Argentina) was the name given by its leaders to a military coup d'état which overthrew the government of Argentina in June 1966 which begun a period of military dictatorship by a junta from then until 1973. On July 29 the government ordered police and troops to close the University of Buenos Aires under the force of arms and took control of all Argentine universities. Cependant, elle n’avait connu que trois ans de démocratie dans un contexte fragile de crise politique (huit chefs d'État en 20 ans), précédés de la dictature catholique-nationaliste de la « Révolution argentine » (1966-73). Isabel Perón was persuaded to dismiss López Rega, but the unrest deepened. Revolutionary activism was shared by sectors of the Catholic clergy. The government tried to recover its losses by imposing a 5-percent tax on land used in the production of exports and additional taxes on meat and agricultural exports. Mais son rôle sera déterminant dans le coup d'État de 1966 qui renverse le président Arturo Illia au bénéfice du général Ongania. Underground activities were organized by a Trotskyite group, the People’s Revolutionary Army (Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo; ERP), and by Peronist groups. Meanwhile, Videla initiated the infamous Process of National Reorganization, known subsequently as the “Guerra Sucia” (“Dirty War”), in which it is estimated that between 10,000 and 30,000 citizens were killed, often following their imprisonment and torture. }, Page last modified: 28 juin 1966 : le président Arturo Illia est renversé par une junte militaire, dirigée par les généraux Juan Carlos Onganía (1966-1970), Marcelo Levingston (1970-1971) et Alejandro Lanusse (1971-1973). A few isolated incidents of protest were met by armed force, creating a common bond among different sectors of Argentine society. These were hard times for the Argentine labor force, which suffered from a reduction of the minimum wage, a subsequent wage freeze, and a change in the retirement age from 55 to 60 years. Los militares habían controlado el proceso, los peronistas se encontraban ilegalizados y Perón en el exilio y, en el interior, los movimientos obreros y estudiantiles cada vez cobraban más fuerza. Por otra parte, el mundo se encontraba entonces … This resulted in the mass resignations and exile of the most liberal and leftist professors and generated widespread student reaction against the government. Histoire de l'Argentine « Révolution argentine » Liens externes Bibliographie. The Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata included roughly the territories of present-day Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and parts of Brazil. The union leadership and José López Rega, an associate of Perón, launched a violent antileftist campaign through a death squad organization, the Argentine Anticommunist Alliance (AAA, or Triple A), which had the discreet support of Perón himself. The second largest city of Argentina had historically been opposed to administrative centralism. The CGTA was hampered by its lack of organizational and ideological cohesiveness. In response to these events, the CGT and the CGTA of Cordoba organized a strike and a demonstration for May 29. L’Argentine est ainsi le dernier pays du Cône sud à basculer dans la dictature. The policy of "rationalization" of the agrarian sector led to the closing of 12 sugar mills in 1966, provoking thousands of layoffs and stepping up migration of rural workers to major cities. Perón refused to comply with the residence requirement or to declare himself a candidate, although he arrived in December to carry out political negotiations. var script = document.createElement("script"); Juke-Box. Adalbert Krieger Vasena, minister of economy and labour, attempted to stabilize the economy by again devaluing the currency and then undertaking programs in electric power, steel, roads, and housing. Le péronisme pendant la « Révolution argentine » (28 juin 1966-25 mai 1973) Des années de révoltes et d’échos; L’esthétisation de la violence, de la mort et du sacrifice; De l’illusion de la libération à l’acéphalie du mouvement (25 mai 1973-1er juillet 1974) La fascination des masses. Córdoba's economic decline, together with the institutionalized repression under Ongania, ignited conflicts among local businessmen, foreign automobile interests, workers, and students. Descended from immigrants and raised during the brutal period of military dictatorship known as the “Argentine Revolution” (1966–73), Guillermo Kuitca produces powerful paintings, sculptures, drawings, and installations resonant with themes of isolation, dislocation, and loneliness. document.cookie = "__adblocker=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; path=/"; The May Revolution of 1810 was just the beginning of a long struggle. Between 1968 and 1970 several guerrilla groups began to operate in Argentina, among them the People's Revolutionary Army, the Peronist Armed Forces, the Revolutionary Armed Forces, and the Montoneros. De Santis, Daniel. L'Argentine est une république présidentielle multipartite, où le président est à la fois chef de l'État et chef du gouvernement.Le pouvoir exécutif est détenu par le gouvernement et le pouvoir législatif est partagé entre le gouvernement et les deux chambres du parlement.Le pouvoir judiciaire est … La guerrilla marxista en Tucumán. For 1966 coup d'etat, see Argentine Revolution. The famous Plaza de Mayo in Buenos Aires is named in honor of these actions. (ISBN 987-22222-7-4) El Vietnam Argentino. [114] His strategy implied a very active role for the public sector in guiding the process of economic growth, [114] calling for state control over the money supply, wages and prices, and bank credit to the private sector. Amidst growing worker and student unrest, another coup took place in June 1966, self-designated Revolución Argentina (Argentine Revolution), which established General Juan Carlos Onganía as de facto president, supported by several leaders of the General Confederation of Labour (CGT), among these the general secretary, Augusto Vandor. Le coup d’État du 24 mars 1976 est réalisé seulement trois ans après la fin de la dictature de la Révolution argentine (1966-1973). It was immediately clear that he was merely preparing the way for the return of Perón from exile. (function(src){var a=document.createElement("script");a.type="text/javascript";a.async=true;a.src=src;var b=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];b.parentNode.insertBefore(a,b)})("//experience.tinypass.com/xbuilder/experience/load?aid=bYdYZQml5V"); The military dominated Argentine politics once more after Illia's removal from office. Buenos Aires was in an uproar. On June 29 a military junta offered the presidency to Ongania, an ultraconservative Catholic who commanded the support of the local industrialists linked to foreign capital. Nuestra América, 2004. The new Minister of Economy, Adalbert Krieger Vasena, decreed a wage freeze and a 40% devaluation, which weakened the economy – in particular the agricultural sector – and favored foreign capital. La guerrilla marxista en Tucumán. L’histoire de l’Argentine est l’historiographie des événements survenus sur l’actuel territoire de la République argentine depuis les premiers peuplements humains jusqu’à nos jours. En 2010, l’Argentine a reconnu le mariage entre des personnes de même sexe et deux ans plus tard, elle a approuvé une loi d’identité de genre qui donne des droits aux transgenres sans les médicaliser. Riots in Córdoba, economic chaos, and lack of political support led the way to Levingston's dismissal by the joint chiefs of staff on March 23, 1971. Another problem was its lack of support by the large unions (all of which were then under government control). This was another action that distinguished this dictatorship from the previous ones. Argentine -- 1966-1973 (Dictature militaire) Vedette matière nom géographique. d.setTime(d.getTime() + 60 * 60 * 24 * 2 * 1000); Poems from Argentina. Government backing was provided by over 20 laws passed between 1966 and the early 1970s proscribing "subversion and communism" and establishing the death penalty for political crimes. script.setAttribute("src", "//www.npttech.com/advertising.js"); In Argentina in 1955 the military intervened in the political process as an interim measure aimed at displacing a populist and majoritarian political party. Descended from immigrants and raised during the brutal period of military dictatorship known as the “Argentine Revolution” (1966–73), Guillermo Kuitca produces powerful paintings, sculptures, drawings, and installations resonant with themes of isolation, dislocation, and loneliness. @media only screen and (min-device-width : 320px) and (max-device-width : 480px) { Perón had supported the Peronist underground but also used other means in a new bid for power. The last year of Lanusse's administration entailed intense political activity as all factions tried to build their political bases in preparation for the elections of 1973. May 18-24. For the most part, however, opposition was choked off by rigorous censorship, strict curfews, and fear of the secret police. En Argentine, les années trente sont connues sous le nom de década infame. La version actuelle fut écrite en 1853 par l'assemblée constitutionnelle réunie à Santa Fe, et la base de la doctrine fut … 27 Fairly little has been written on the role of the Argentine Revolution (1966-1973) in Latin American politics. Ediciones ryr. The junta closed Congress, imposed censorship, banned trade unions, and brought state and municipal government under military control. He maintained a formal alliance with the Frondizi followers, but the cornerstone of his strategy was an understanding with the largest non-Peronist party, the Radicals. “Che” Guevara: was an Argentine Marxist revolutionary, physician, author, guerrilla leader, diplomat, and military theorist. Britannica Kids Holiday Bundle! Peron was enabled to engage in this social demagogy, and partly carry it out, because Argentina … The Argentine Revolution and the National Reorganization Process sought to squash the devotees of Peron’s legacy—so-called peronismos—which had both … Events; Workshops; Discover contemporary poets from Africa, Asia and Latin America, and meet the translators and English-language poets who make our translations possible. Vasena suspended collective labour conventions, reformed the "hydrocarbons law" which had established a partial monopoly of the Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales(YPF) state firm, and passe… In 1975 he supported a drastic devaluation and a steep drop in real wages, whereupon inflation soared. Instead, he appointed Hector J. Cámpora candidate of a coalition of the Peronist Justicialist Party (Partido Justicialista — PJ) and a large number of small parties. Who is Vera Kelly? The armed forces overthrew the Onganía government in June 1970. In addition, he was mindful of the Argentine elites’ vested interests, and he purged his economic proposals of any motives that could alarm the propertied classes. He energetically set into motion the organisation of the unorganised workers. This was followed by a series of military-appointed presidents and the implementation of neo-liberal economic policies, supported by multinational companies, employers' federations, part of the more-or-less corrupt worke… Militant groups suffered systematic abductions, arrests, torture, and assassinations. Ongania appointed Adalbert Krieger Vasena to head the Economy Ministry. The executions fomented popular demonstrations throughout the country. Trois ans après la fin de la dictature de la Révolution argentine (1966-1973), une junte militaire prit le pouvoir dans un contexte tendu d’affrontements entre les péronistes de gauche et de droite. var setNptTechAdblockerCookie = function(adblocker) { Prior to the 1973 elections, the government established eligibility requirements for all presidential candidates, including residence in Argentina before August 25, 1972. Note publique d'information : 28 juin 1966 : le président Arturo Illia est renversé par une junte militaire, dirigée par les généraux Juan Carlos Onganía (1966-1970), Marcelo Levingston (1970-1971) et Alejandro Lanusse (1971-1973). Domingo Felipe Mingo Cavallo (né le 21 juillet 1946 à San Francisco dans la province de Córdoba en Argentine) est un politicien et économiste argentin. Perón was elected president with his third wife, María Estela Martínez de Perón (Isabel Perón), as vice president. It was opposed to the military coup that produced the Argentine Revolution of 1966. #ga-ad {display: none;} Cette désignation péjorative est une construction sémantique dont la fonction a été, par contraste, de présenter le régime populiste de Perón comme un âge d’or. On March 24, 1976, military officers deposed the president and took over the government. Many priests were arrested for their opposition to government violence. The antagonized Peronists supported a coup in June 1966 that brought to power General Juan Carlos Onganía, a former Azul leader and commander in chief of the army. This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Les membres de cette « révolution argentine » entendent lutter contre “la généralisation de la démoralisation et du scepticisme, l'apathie et la perte du sentiment national", mais aussi résoudre le problème de l'instabilité politique chronique tout en contrant la montée des opposants marxistes. Le 28 juin 1966, une junte militaire prend le pouvoir. document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(script); The June 1966 coup established General Juan Carlos Onganía as de facto president, supported by several leaders of the General Confederation of Labour (CGT), including the general secretary Augusto Vandor. The conflicts that led to the Cordobazo started in mid-May. Although initially an act of loyalty to the Spanish crown, the “May Revolution,” as it came to be known, was eventually a precursor to independence. Jun 28, 1966, Destitucion de Illia a través de un Golpe de Estado por parte de Onganía llamado "Revolución Argentina" Jul 29, 1966, Toma de las Universidades por parte de profesores y alumnos denominada Noche de los Bastones Largos 1970, Se reactivaron las guerrillas que tenian como objetivo construir una sociedad socialista Révolution roumaine : trente ans après, l’espoir entravé. To fill the growing deficit in the balance of payments, Argentina resorted to foreign loans that generated a foreign debt of US$5.3 billion between 1969 and 1971. Spanish Viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros de la Torre pleaded for calm, but on May 18, a group of citizens came to him demanding a town council. Quatre juntes se succéderont jusqu’à 1983. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Révolution argentine (1966-1973) [Nom commun] Notes. 2005. The economy deteriorated further in 1971 and 1972. El vencedor de las votaciones, sin mayoría absoluta, había sido Arturo Illia, de la Unión Cívica Radical. In Rosario the local CGTA supported the student protests against armed intervention; in Córdoba, police brutality provoked street clashes with the workers. 2005. Historia del PRT-ERP. TIME Magazine Table of Contents -- U.S. For several decades, militarism was the … A vencer o morir. "true" : "false") + "; expires=" + d.toUTCString() + "; path=/"; A vencer o morir. The protective policies toward basic industries had the effect of increasing foreign ownership from 14 percent of the total in 1957 to 59 percent in 1969 and caused the elimination of locally owned small and medium-sized textile and food-processing enterprises, which lacked access to government credit. Taking office in October 1973, he continued the campaign against the left, and in May 1974 the victims of the purge acknowledged the break with their former leader and passed into (still legal) opposition. Histoire de l'Argentine « Révolution argentine » Liens externes Bibliographie. The Argentine Revolution, 1966-72 The military dominated Argentine politics once more after Illia's removal from office. Argentine : le rock et la junte. Real wages declined by 8 percent between 1966 and 1970. At the final return of Perón in June, there was a pitched battle between right and left at Ezeiza International Airport. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. La Constitution de l'Argentine est l'une des sources primaires du droit argentin. When Perón died on July 1, 1974, he left to his widow a deeply compromised inheritance, yet the transition of power was smooth, and Isabel Perón was sworn in as the world’s first woman president. Another coup in June 1966, the so-called Argentine Revolution, brought Juan Carlos Onganía to power. Historia del PRT-ERP. Senses of "revolução" and "revolución" in the coup written press of Brazil (1964) and Argentina (1966) June 2013 Bakhtiniana Revista de Estudos do Discurso 8(1):254-274 Opposition' to Ongania became more militant in 1968 with the creation of the General Confederation of Labor of the Argentines (Confederacion General del Trabajo de los Argentinos — CGTA), under Peronist leadership and supported by the left and the student movement. Strikes had been forcibly suppressed and the peasants and farm workers had no rights, not even the right to vote in elections. (ISBN 987-22222-7-4) El Vietnam Argentino. Montonero activity increased, and the Triple A, suspected by many of being close to the police and intelligence branches of the administration, began to crack down on political, student, and union leaders. The conservative restoration and the Concordancia, 1930–43, Attempts to restore constitutionalism, 1955–66. In July Cámpora resigned, and new elections were presided over by another interim president, Raúl Lastiri, who began a purge of leftist influences in the government. A series of political assassinations took place, including that of former president Aramburu. Between 1966 and 1971 over US$2 billion left the country in the form of repatriation of profits, royalties, and dividends. Tout en prétendant lutter contre la « subversion », ces militaires développèrent un programme visant à « réorganiser » la société argentine sur de nouvelles bases. This led to a series of military-appointed presidents. Military government, 1966–73. 1 La présente contribution porte sur l’analyse de la trajectoire de groupes d’étudiants et de militants de quartier de la région de Cuyo qui réalisèrent leurs premières expériences politiques autour du processus démocratique enclenché en 1973 en Argentine. La « Révolution argentine » (1966-1973) est le nom officiel de la dictature militaire instaurée par le coup d'État du 28 juin 1966 qui renverse le président Arturo Illia (), élu en 1963.. Economic deterioration reached down to the educational system: one-third of all school-age children did not have access to education, and over half of those who entered the educational system never completed it. The "Argentine Revolution" issued a statute in 1966 which held a superior judicial position to the constitution and, in 1972, introduced constitutional reforms. NOW 50% OFF! The Argentine government, which maintained that it was fighting a civil war, initially faced little public opposition, but this began to change in the late 1970s, with growing evidence of civil rights violations. Lanusse immediately contacted Perón in Madrid, approved a project for legalization of all political parties, proposed the "Great National Agreement" for the constitutional reorganization of Argentina, and announced elections for 1973. Three days later Lanusse was sworn in as president while maintaining his post as army commander. Egalement, découvrez notre guide complet sur l’Argentine : culture, économie, gastronomie, vins et tango… Tous les bons plans et bonnes adresses de notre agence, spécialiste de l’Amérique du Sud depuis 10 ans. For a period there was miliary dictatorship until 1973. After the incident and the resulting protests, the administration imposed even more severe treatment on the remaining 2,000 political prisoners in Argentina. The military government prevented Perón’s own candidacy but could not stop the electoral victory of the Peronist coalition, the Justicialist Liberation Front (Frente Justicialista de Liberación; Frejuli), in March 1973.  The events in Córdoba had important repercussions throughout the country. General Roberto Marcelo Levingston replaced Onganía, but inflation returned and terrorist acts increased; Levingston was overthrown in March 1971 and replaced by General Alejandro Agustín Lanusse, who promised to reestablish democratic elections by the end of 1973. 1966-1973 : « révolution argentine » Article détaillé : Dictature de la Révolution argentine. qui avaient dirigé le gouvernement de la Révolution argentine entre 1966 et 1973, ils ne considéraient pas le péronisme comme une « digue » contre le communisme, mais comme un mouvement « corrompu » et « démagogique » qui avait introduit la « subversion » dans le gouvernement et l’État. 87 No. Ces nouvelles normes s’inscrivent dans un processus de démocratisation et d’élargissement de la citoyenneté qui cependant, ne s’est pas étendu à l’avortement. From 200,000 workers organised into trade unions, under Peron’s patronage five million, or the overwhelming majority, became organized. Perón’s economic policies from 1973 included monetary stabilization, rigid control of prices and wages in order to favour wage earners, and limitations on the profits of agrarian exporters. Tensions rose sharply among Peronists as the organization’s left wing fought with its right-wing Montoneros for influence. On June 8, 1970, the joint chiefs of staff, led by General Lanusse, deposed Ongania and appointed to the presidency General Roberto Marcelo Levingston, who was recalled from his post as military attaché in Washington. The violence left 100 dead or injured. In 1970 one of these Peronist organizations, the Montoneros, destroyed the moderate Peronist union leadership and captured and killed former president Aramburu, who had been organizing a movement for a return to constitutional rule. Krieger Vasena was removed, but the Onganía administration was unable to agree on an alternative economic policy, and the Cordobazo decisively affected the political climate. Argentine Revolution (Spanish: Revolución Argentina) was the name given by its leaders to a military coup d'état which overthrew the government of Argentina in June 1966 which begun a period of military dictatorship by a junta from then until 1973. (ISBN 987-1158-02-5) Entre tupas y perros.. De Santis, Daniel. Annual inflation dropped in 1976–82 from about 600 to 138 percent—a more manageable but still distended level. LE 09/05/2020. 07-01-2015 18:40:54 ZULU. It was the ... 1963–1966 PJ Justicialist Party: Partido Justicialista 1973–1976, 1989–1999, 2001–2015 FREJULI Cependant, elle n’avait connu que trois ans de démocratie dans un contexte fragile de crise politique (huit chefs d'État en 20 ans), précédés de la dictature catholique-nationaliste de la « Révolution argentine » (1966-73). Revolución Argentina (Argentine Revolution): was the name given by its leaders to a military coup which overthrew the government of Argentina in June 1966. He … script.setAttribute("async", true); } Ernesto Che Guevara was a prominent communist figure in the Cuban Revolution (1956–59) who went on to become a guerrilla leader in South America. Lanusse's plan for the process of transition to be directed by the military was legitimized by the proposed agreement, in which Peronism was to be legalized in exchange for Perón's support of the government and condemnation of the budding guerrilla movement. However, the CGTA fulfilled an important role in generating a certain degree of labor militancy among the Argentine working class, which was best exemplified in the events of May 1969 in the city of Cordoba. Argentina’s balance of foreign trade initially improved, but by 1980 the overvalued peso had devastated Argentine industry, while uncontrolled spending had plunged the country into debt. 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