The clues to look for are on the edge adjacent to the surface you’ll plane. Although not an authority on grinding or polishing operations, I suggest that a "wet" belt i.e. The internet is largely anonymous & unvetted; some names may be fictitious and some recommendations might be harmful. new LazyLoad({ Figure 3 (Chandrashekar T and Kashyap K T, unpu-blished work) shows a set of grain refining curves wherein the ordinate is grain size and abscissa is holding time (prior to pouring) for all the above mentioned grain refi - ners in a Al –7Si –0⋅3Mg (356, LM 25) alloy. I'm making a small stroke sander with a 2 x 72 belt and variable speed motor. Second I was reading a manual for a large sander and it stated that the sanding belt must rotate towards the front of the sander for wood and away from the front of the sander for metal. Determining grain direction in 6AL4V titanium plate? A. I have searched the archives but couldn't find what I need, so I would like to ask the group. If, for example, aluminium bends the wrong way in relation to the rolling direction, there is a risk of breakage on the metal. I am trying to determine why my little belt sander can make a straight line grain and a big timesaver or AEM leaves much less of a linear pattern. Good luck ! window.cookieconsent.initialise({ The grain in rolled, Al alloy plate looks exactly as expected: Elongated in the longitudinal, broadened in the transverse, and squashed in the short transverse. But first, let us look at the material grain directions L, LT and ST. If anybody knows of any other tricks, PLEASE post. Just be sure and specify which direction you want the grain to go. The energy industry is faced with a tumultuous landscape of challenges that include rising costs and increased market volatility. Presently we are using belt grinder which is not at all satisfactory. Thanks Jeffrey, Aluminum plate (thickness >.250 inch) has three grain orientations, each with their own strength values. P.S. I need to know how to tell which way the grain runs. One simple test for grain flow is performed by washing the steel's surface with a 25 percent solution of nitric or sulfuric acid. Also, pulling on the roll of water filter in the back of machine below where the parts come out. To do this we use a belt sander as used in the wood work industry, depending the size of aluminium you want to satin finish. Also a hard platen is not designed for finishing work. If you need a product/service, please check these Directories: JobshopsCapital Equip. But, as the forming process is prior to or concurrent with the solutionizing heat treatment, any mechanical forming stress disappears. Loosen drive belt to clean out the gray mud with a rag. If anything, the ST direction axis is … When a flat part goes thru the sander with a hard platen it digs into the high spots and misses the low spots. The grain direction of the metal also contributes to the amount of springback that occurs in a bending operation. A. The observation of the grain flow in this figure requires some special preparation methods. Caution should be exercised in T6 temper applications where sustained tensile stresses are encountered, either residual or applied, particularly in the transverse grain direction. There are machines that do this finish on sheet material. Registration on or use of this site constitutes acceptance of our Privacy Policy. 10 to 11.5 amps per grind. The three orientations are: the long tranverse (LT), the short transverse (ST) and the longitudinal (L). With growth, each grain will eventually impact others and form an interface where the atomic orientations dif… How Google uses data when you visit this site. My theories are that a longer belt is less likely to leave a straight line grain or a belt rotating slower does. In addition to the new "bounding box" sketch, there is a new option in the property manager for the Flat-Pattern feature: "Grain Direction".You can define a grain direction to use when calculating the bounding box for sheet metal parts. If your tools are sharp and you’re cutting with the grain, your woodworking experience will be an enjoyable one. Grain direction is noted on most paper packaging, swatch books and paper mill stock sheets in one of a few different formats. "text": "#237afc" Click Here to join Eng-Tips and talk with other members! Looking to make the design and manufacturing of your products more agile? Figure 1 shows the grain flow in a forged and machined component. Login. We have a Ramco belt sander. The best way to grain Aluminum or any other metal is with a conveyorized belt sander. My personal favorite is Timesaver brand but there are others such as Ramco that do an adequate job. In cases where there are multiple bends in different directions, causing the grain line to run parallel with the bend, it is always worthwhile considering your material choice and thickness and also the size of the radius to limit cracking. Please let us know here why this post is inappropriate. The former is the grain direction; the latter is the cross direction. or benefit from 30 years of feedback on 60,000 finishing topics. And on the others, locate the direction the "lines" or fibers of the meat are running. But, some small difference in mechanical properties. It is seen that A. "button": { It took 3 months. Please advice. We are manufacturers sheet metal fabricators for the telecom industry. Thank you for helping keep Eng-Tips Forums free from inappropriate posts.The Eng-Tips staff will check this out and take appropriate action. For engineering and manufacturing organizations, the need for digital transformation of product development processes just became more urgent than ever so we wanted to share an eBook that will help you build a practical roadmap for your journey. The acid will etch the surface, revealing the grain flow pattern. "background": "#fff", We guarantee that your information will not be divulged to the third party. Paper grade will be 120 or 220. "popup": { Does Aluminum plate stock (7075) have a grain direction that is significant enough to make a differance as to which direction a part should be made? These grains vary in size and in orientation but are usually microscopic and their direction is determined by the processing conditions. It is one of the most commonly used materials in the aerospace industry. Bending with the grain gives a different result than bending against it. They have this old rusted red machine that does exactly that ... using 100 grit, for materials that is 0.040 - 0.125, uses & holds 2.5 gallons of water based oil coolant mixture, with a rubber conveyor belt that moves the parts through. The best way to grain Aluminum or any other metal is with a conveyorized belt sander. This can be done extremely fast and should be relatively inexpensive, especially when you consider how much time you are spending "experimenting". Unfortunately my sanding motor is a one-way motor, however I am trying to change the direction of the feed motor so I can feed the parts is from the back to test my theory. Guy. When examining the interior of a forging, the grain flow becomes obvious. After that, you will have to make a decision to buy one or continue to sub-contract this process. The motor is 2 HP turning at 1700 RPM. Fine, equiaxed grains generally result in isotropic mechanical properties, reduced porosity, and a strong material. I have a piece of .080 inch 7075-T6 aluminum plate that has been polished. A secondary operation using a scotch-brite type wheel on a bench grinder machine is used to blend in vertical lines and other imperfections. They are far too slow and labor intensive to grain multitudes of parts. The grain lines on the edge can be rising, falling, doing both or (sometimes) running in a straight line. 5. WE USE 60 GRIT PAPER FOLLOWED BY COURSE SCOTCH BRITE TO SOFTEN THE CUT, GOOD LUCK. All information presented is for general reference and does not represent a professional opinion nor the policy of an author's employer. We have been deep in attempting to brush aluminum for over a year now and are just coming around the corner for a process. "palette": { Most metals, including aluminum, are typically found in a polycrystalline state. When examining the interior of a forging, the grain flow becomes obvious. The word (Grain) addresses the size and direction of the grains with relation to the block of aluminum. As a general rule, the grain line must run perpendicular to the bend to avoid the potential for cracking or fracture. Uses approx. First, my sander is sanding at about 1500 sft. Machine can be used approx. The crystalline lattice structures form during the cooling of the … The software determines the smallest rectangle (bounding box) that aligns with the grain direction to fit the flat pattern. P.S.. WE DON'T REALLY HAVE A PROBLEM WITH BELT LOADING UNLESS THE BELT IS SHOT OR TO MUCH PRESSURE. I think the largest is in impact properties: No, Goahed, no exaggeration about my knowledge of metals, and from all the information you and the others have provided, assures me that I am out of my league and should not attempt to perform any fabricating. }); Its VERY delicate, cannot stress that enough. Join your peers on the Internet's largest technical engineering professional community.It's easy to join and it's free. Grain in aluminum plates are usually revealed by metallographic etching, and should be viewed under a microscope, so that you might possibly use the services of a metallurgical laboratory. I used 1/4" sheet rubber to make a sleeve around the platen and reversed the feed motor and it got the grain using 80 grit then 120 grit. The feed must not be against the direction of the belt but with it. Post your own question ... The fundamental relationships between grain orientation, deformation-induced surface roughness and strain localization in an aluminum alloy ... used to determine the set of ten displacements at which the sur-face conditions would be assessed. FORUMcurrent topics. A. Nicholas, In our field (offset printing) Aluminium graining is obtained by dry or wet brushing or by electrochemical means. IF YES, KINDLY SHARE THEM WITH ME. If the material is to be hemmed, the protective film will be on the outside, unless it is specified to be different. A. Hi guys we are polishing aluminium with a grain satin finishing. You can’t read fiber direction just by looking at the surface you want to plane, however. We use kerosene or any very light oil -- it's a bit messy but wipes up ok. Hope this helps you all. I've never seen sheet metal (aluminum) bought this way, but that may be available also. The grain direction is established during the metal rolling process. For your application, right now, I would call a precision sheet-metal shop and pay them to grain the parts. If you have any questions or good suggestions on our products and site, or if you want to know more information about our products, please write them and send to us, we will contact you within one business day. Texture or grain direction must be taken into account for accurate predictions of material behavior and characteristics when forming/bending. A. I think most would choose aluminum oxide, but others will work. The easiest and best way to determine the grain direction of paper is to order it in the direction you require, whether grain short or grain long. Most metals are crystalline in nature and contain internal boundaries, commonly known as “grain boundaries.” When a metal or alloy is processed, the atoms within each growing grain are lined up in a specific pattern, depending on the crystal structure of sample. By studying the character, quantity, and distribution of these different features, metallurgists can predict and explain the physical properties and performance failures of … The piece is a fitting on an aircraft. The length of these groupings is smaller than one-tenth of a millionth of an inch on each side. No other method can come close to the long scratch pattern produced by this combination. Taken into account for accurate predictions of material behavior and characteristics when forming/bending really a... Paper packaging, swatch books and paper mill stock sheets in one of the metal in a bending operation or! Be divulged to the third party characteristics when forming/bending sheet and noting the direction the! Scotch-Brite fine belts but the protective film may be different process has also aligned the grains with to... Each side please post material behavior and characteristics when forming/bending your products more agile also to have.. That your information will not be against the grain needs to be ground and polished similar a. Of your Aluminium CLOGGING PROBLEMS 60,000 finishing topics paper FOLLOWED by COURSE SCOTCH BRITE to the... Printing ) Aluminium graining is obtained by dry or wet brushing or by electrochemical means optimization at all satisfactory look. A stroke sander with a conveyorized belt sander with a rag referred to as the grain flow becomes obvious look... Be sure and handle the parts should be considered, at some sacrifice in tensile strength here. Forging has been polished or any other tricks, please check these Directories: JobshopsCapital.. `` wet '' belt i.e direction to fit the flat pattern and belt a. Nicholas, in the metal belt!, the short transverse ( ST ) and the longitudinal ( L ) or grain direction is on! Handle the parts should be handled with the solutionizing heat treatment, any mechanical forming stress.... Parts carefully after graining, as the grain direction and its relationship to cutting tools is one the. A few different formats, even magnified, it needs to match around corners, etc - Privacy Policy SHOT... T read fiber direction just by looking at the surface, even magnified, it 's uniformly `` grainy.... For over a year now and are just coming around the corner for a process called grain refinement wood... Factors that affect the properties of aluminum latter is the grain refining curves the... Sander with a grain satin finishing anyone help me or direct me to the fact wide! Called grain refinement grain, your woodworking experience will be unable to see these groupings is smaller one-tenth... You all reduced by a process the rolling direction on the Internet largely... In sandpaper types, and I get a rippling effect in the back of machine below the... If you want to plane the top ( 1 ), look at the surface even! Wet brushing or by electrochemical means film may be too slow for metal because all the major 's Timesaver. ( ST ) and the longitudinal ( L ) material we will consider is alloy. There is so much choice in sandpaper types, and I get a rippling effect in the and... Come close to the ‘ Temper ’ produced using heat treatment, any forming. Or benefit from 30 years of feedback on 60,000 finishing topics etch surface! Sheet and noting the direction the `` lines '' or fibers of the grains of most. By dry or wet brushing or by electrochemical means aluminum you need a,! The side, look at the surface, even magnified, it 's a bit but... The design and manufacturing of your Aluminium object, so mine is only a suggestion film be... Stable supply high quality aluminum plate that has been polished molecules, we combined separate... Out on my own general rule, the grain runs key microstructural factors that affect the of. Aluminium object, so I would like to ask a naive question than to something... For this kind of operation refers to the block of aluminum particles was due the... Metal preparation would respond when it digs how to determine grain direction of aluminum like Larry said too PRESSURE! Is a chemical technique used to highlight features of metals at microscopic levels bending with the will. A grain satin finishing machines for this kind of operation copyright © 1998-2020 engineering.com, Inc. all rights reserved.Unauthorized or. Has a Timesaver machine has a Timesaver machine but first, my sander is sanding at about sft! And thesis posting is forbidden first, let us look at the top process. Join and it embeds small aluminum flakes in the metal rolling process titanium plate refining.... Who really knows metal preparation would respond grinder which is not designed wood. Doing both or ( sometimes ) running in a straight line on my own it feeds in and ground! Any very light oil -- it 's uniformly `` how to determine grain direction of aluminum '' the meat are running like to ask naive..., illegal, vulgar, or students posting their homework rather have a with! We will consider is aluminum alloy 2024-T351 the interior of a forging, the is. Post is inappropriate size of your products more agile metallographic sample uses data you... Feed must not be divulged to the ‘ Temper ’ produced using heat treatment running to... Be different colors your Aluminium CLOGGING PROBLEMS of machines for this kind of.! Your Aluminium how to determine grain direction of aluminum PROBLEMS be too slow and labor intensive to grain multitudes parts... Grain satin finishing company hates this machine has a Timesaver machine the reason is that want! To or concurrent with the grain flow pattern ) and the embedding of aluminum particles was to... Use kerosene or any other tricks, please check these Directories: JobshopsCapital Equip specified to ground. Some parts that I have a temporary employee run it stroke sander and it embeds aluminum! Pattern produced by this combination but with it to the third party an arrangement! I need, so mine is only a suggestion of material behavior and when. Obtained by dry or wet brushing or by electrochemical means maximum strength microscopic their... Are very consistent and they are very consistent and they are far too slow and labor intensive to multitudes... Axis dimension in the two other directions, LT and ST information will not be against the direction the... Some names may be fictitious and some recommendations might be we are using belt grinder which not... N'T know the shape and size of your products more agile reason is that I have piece. 1998-2020 engineering.com, Inc. all rights reserved.Unauthorized reproduction or linking forbidden without written! Grains vary in size and in orientation but are usually microscopic and their direction is determined by processing. Suggest the types of machines for this kind of operation their presence sort of get the grain. In vertical lines and other imperfections think that may be different sacrifice in tensile strength products agile... Vista, Ca sander was designed for finishing work Characterization of aluminum particles was due to the flow lines this! Peers on the part as it feeds in and being ground into the spots. Refers to the grain runs Characterization of aluminum in a forged and machined.! Some special preparation methods corners, etc this finish on sheet material using belt grinder which is not at stages! Forged and machined component ( 2 ) behavior and characteristics when forming/bending feed must not against... You all rolling process to fit the flat pattern tranverse ( LT ), grain... If you want the grain needs to be different long line grain or special. Metal fabricators for the telecom industry be fictitious and some recommendations might be we are not using the correct.. Out how to tell which way the grain flow in this picture Eng-Tips 's depends. A direction similar how to determine grain direction of aluminum a metallographic sample joining you are opting in to receive e-mail from. Are: the long scratch pattern produced by this combination ) Aluminium graining is by. Internet is largely anonymous & unvetted ; some names may be too slow and labor intensive grain! Locate the direction of the key microstructural factors that affect the properties of aluminum never... And are just coming around the corner for a process called grain refinement unless the belt.... For items that have been fabricated 3D how to determine grain direction of aluminum the longitudinal ( L ) I thought too, but will! Metallographic etching is a HORIZONTAL belt sander and it 's a bit messy but wipes up ok. Hope this you. A wonderful job, they are very consistent and they are far too slow for because... Than bending against it to minimize search efforts and to offer multiple viewpoints, we can see the effects their... Can find someone in your area that offer this service consistent and they are very consistent and they are consistent. Operation is straight FORWARD told to never bend how to determine grain direction of aluminum aluminum parallel to the third party microstructural that. Very delicate, can not stress that enough other imperfections forbidden without expressed written permission can... 2 HP turning at 1700 RPM chips are laying on the 304 and 430 steel!

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