Arsenic has oxidation number +3. 7. Leach Test Results. Hendrix and P.B. It contains the AsO33- ion ortho-arsenite ion. Alkaline Sulfide Leach Testing Conditions. In this case, a high grade, 38% copper concentrate with minimal arsenic was produced for treatment by smelting. M. Jeffrey, and C.G. Nauch-Issled. Leach Testing Conditions. Leach Testing Conditions Leach Time = 1 Hr. Several other applications of the alkaline sulphide leach treatment can be obtained by contacted one of the authors. 5,290,338, March 1, 1994. R.R Lunt, D.K. 62. Which reaction involves neither oxidation nor reduction? Anderson. 3. Table X. October 2003. Percent Solids = 25% Leach Temperature = 105O C Sulfide Concentration = 100 g/L Free Hydroxide Concentration = 10 g/L Table XII. When did Elizabeth Berkley get a gap between her front teeth? (1,2,3,4) When the system is applied to orpiment, As2S3, a solution of sodium thioarsenite is formed. J. Kaloc, et al., "Alkaline leaching of tetrahedrite concentrates", Hutn. SSR, 6 (1963) 77-90. Jlnst. Fundamental Alkaline Sulfide Hydrometallurgy Hydrometallurgical methods can be employed for treatment of gold, arsenic, antimony, tin and mercury containing materials, concentrates and ores as well as complex ones containing any number of metals. Arsenic has oxidation number +3. 3 5 ClOK , 3 5 OHI , 4 7 OHCI , 5 3KBrO Oxidation number of an element in free state or in allotropic forms is always zero e.g. The fact that Na3AsS3 can be converted into Na3AsS4 in an aqueous suspension of sulfur indicates that sulfur (A) is electropositive. Mauk Kaz. Reddy, J.L. Liquid 1.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Solid 98.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%, 4. O , S , P , O 2 8 4 3 Sum of the oxidation numbers of atoms of all elements in a molecule is zero. As such, there are minimal environmental or toxicological issues in the use of alkaline sulfide gold recovery as the waste products become value added, marketable by-products. 19. The resultant sodium sulfate, after arsenic removal, is further treated by purification and crystallization to produce high grade, marketable sodium sulfate. Alkaline Sulfide Gold Solution Assay. Worldwide, it is employed industrially in the CIS, China and the United States for the production of antimony. Akad. This is illustrated as: Na2S + As2S3 NaAsS2 + Na2S 2NaAsS2 Na3AsS3 (1) (2) When applied to arsenic trioxide, As2O3, sodium arsenite is also formed. The mercury is then recovered as a waste product, stabilized and stored while the cleaned sodium antimonate is either recycled into the plant or marketed. Qboaashch. An example of the application of the alkaline sulfide hydrometallurgical treatment follows. This is illustrated by selectively removing gold from an alkaline sulfide leach solution containing these impurities. A proprietary gold recovery process has been adopted to quantitatively and selectively recover gold from complex alkaline sulfide solutions containing a mixture of metals such as arsenic, tin, mercury and antimony. meta-arsenite whose name is also shortened to sodium arsenite. Z2 (9) (1967). 137 (1994) 131 178 Gap Fig. Leach Time = 12 Hr. Anderson, "The Chemical Analysis of Industrial Alkaline Sulfide Hydrometallurgical Processes", The Society of Mineral Analysts and the Canadian Mineral Analysts Annual Meeting, Spokane, Washington, April 2002. But if halogen atom is attached with a more electronegative atom than halogen atom, then it will show positive oxidation numbers. Figure 2. 18. The alkaline sulfide system is one of these and is essentially a mixture of sodium sulfide and sodium hydroxide. Ogneuporov.. 3 (1961), 359. Twidwell Center for Advanced Mineral and Metallurgical Processing Montana Tech of the University of Montana, Butte, Montana USA Abstract Throughout the world, there are many orebodies or materials which have significant value but also contain arsenic, antimony, and mercury. 13. Applications of Alkaline Sulfide Hydrometallurgy to Arsenic and Antimony Leaching The rest of this paper deals with the specific leaching application of the alkaline sulfide system to arsenic, antimony, and mercury bearing materials. Why don't libraries smell like bookstores? Leach Time = 6 Hr. Gold leached by the alkaline sulfide system is readily recoverable by several means including electrowinning, gaseous precipitation, chemical precipitation, cementation, solvent extraction and ion exchange. 626-9. Anderson, E. Dahlgren, M. Jeffrey and D. L. Stacey, Unpublished research, 2004. R. M. Nadkarni, C. L. Kusik and H. P. Heissner, "Method of removing arsenic and antimony from Copper Ore Concentrate", U. S. Patent 3, 911,073, Oct. 7, 1975. The reaction is as follows: 1.5 H2O + 2 Na2S + ½ As2O3 NaAsS2 + Na2S Na3AsS3 NaAsS2 + 3 NaOH (3) (4), Dissolution of elemental sulfur in sodium hydroxide is also used as a lixiviant for alkaline sulfide leaching of arsenic. 2,331,375 (12 Oct. 1944). Lead Softening Skims Head Sample Assay Pb,% 52.9 Sb,% As,% 31.7 3.3, Table XI. As shown in Figure 3, gold is soluble in the alkaline sulfide system. lnst._Redk. Alkaline Sulfide Leach Head Solution Assay Volume L 0.5 Au 88.7 mg/L Sb 21.0 g/L As 5.31 g/L Hg 274 mg/L Sn 1.84 g/L, Table V. Alkaline Sulfide Solution Final Assay Volume, L 0.5 Au 14.4 ppm Sb 21.1 g/L As 5.21 g/L Hg 274 ppm Sn 1.89 g/L, Final Au Solid Sorbent Assay = 1561.4 g/T Table VI. 2.2 Selective Recovery of Gold from Alkaline Sulfide Solutions In the example cited above, it is essential in that any gold leached in the alkaline sulfide solutions be recovered. e.g. Leach Testing Conditions Leach Time = 6 Hr. 10. 1. They also offer a number of advantages for crystal growth, and provide a medium for the synthesis of solids 150 G.W. I. R. Polyvyanni, et al., "Leaching arsenic from arsenic-containing dust by means of sodium sulfide", Tr. Percent Solids = 25% Leach Temperature = 105O C Sulfide Concentration = 100 g/L Free Hydroxide Concentration = 10 g/L Table IX. R.G. Anderson, "Industrial Nitrogen Species Catalyzed Pressure Leaching and Alkaline Sulfide Gold Recovery from Refractory Gold Concentrates", Precious Metals 2001, 25th Annual IPMI Meeting, Tucson, Arizona, June 2001. (c) Aluminium always has +3 oxidation number Note : Metal may have negative or zero oxidation number Oxidation number of an element in free state or in allotropic forms is always zero 0 0 0 0 e.g. Figure 3. References, 1. May 13, 2018 | Author: achmadroybiabbas | Category: Solvation, Hydrogen, Ion, Nitrogen, Solubility Leach Test Results % of Metal Leached, Cu,% Ni,% Sn,% Cd,% As,% Sb, % Pb,% Fe,% Zn,% Au %, Ag, % 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 99.1 99.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.1 0.0, As seen, the alkaline sulfide leach was highly selective in removing only antimony, arsenic and some gold to solution. C.G. Ser. We aim to remove reported files within 1 working day. Further, a novel gold recovery method has been adopted to quantitatively and selectively recover leached gold from complex alkaline sulfide solutions. oxidation number of +3. The conditions utilized are shown in Table XVII. Also the waste alkaline sulfide solutions can be recycled for further gold leaching or further processed with low temperature oxidation to sodium sulfate, Na2SO4. This paper outlines the fundamentals of alkaline sulfide hydrometallurgy and its successful application to arsenic, antimony and mercury bearing ores, concentrates, by-products, and other materials. 2. Corby Anderson - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. It contains the AsO33- ion ortho-arsenite ion. Met^l, 9 (1961), 2Q4-B. W. C. Holmes, "How electrolytic antimony is made at Sunshine Plant", Ens. This also oxidizes the arsenic to soluble sodium arsenate which can then be precipitated by conventional means using iron compounds. An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by interacting with this icon. Alkaline Sulfide Hydrometallurgical Treatment of Copper Enargite Concentrates In many parts of the world, enargite, Cu3AsS4, occurs as a primary copper mineral. C.G. These conditions and results are reflective of closed cycle testing of the system that includes extensive recycling of solutions depleted after antimony recovery. This process is illustrated simplistically in the following scenario. This is illustrated by selectively removing gold from an alkaline sulfide leach solution containing impurities. 2 G. F. Gnatyshenko and T. R. Polyvyanni, "Arsenic leaching from Cottrell dusts by sodium sulfide", lav. This can be viewed as follows: Na2SX + (X-1)Na3AsS3 (X-1)Na3AsS4 + Na2S (7). For example mercury will be precipitated in conjunction with by-product sodium hydroxyantimonate production by pressure oxidation as follows; 2Na2HgS2 + H2O + O2 2HgS + Na2S2O3 + 2NaOH NaSb(OH)6 + 2Na2S2O3 (17) (18). This is illustrated as: Na2S + As2S3 NaAsS2 + Na2S 2NaAsS2 Na3AsS3 (1) (2), When applied to arsenic trioxide, As2O3, sodium arsenite is also formed. Overall Gold Selectivity and Recovery. 2Au + S22- + 2S22AuS- +2S2(8). Confusingly there is another compound NaAsO2 sodium The leaching of the concentrate was straightforward. As well the sodium sulfate produced can be used to regenerate the sodium hydroxide needed in the process in a manner analogous to industrial dual alkali scrubbing systems(20). Table IV. sodium polysulfide (Na2SX) and sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) are created along with sulfide. Summary From the cited examples in the paper, which utilized fundamental principles of alkaline sulfide hydrometallurgy as well as its industrially proven applications for the selective arsenic, antimony, and mercury removal, it is obvious that ores, concentrates and materials containing these can be effectively treated while also achieving selective gold recovery where required. C.G., "The Industrial Alkaline Sulfide Hydrometallurgical Treatment of Mercury Bearing Antimony Ores and Concentrates", TMS Annual Meeting, San Diego, Ca., February, 2003. This oxidation process has been practiced in industry (19). As well, the conventional method of direct collection of gold by activated carbon does not work in these solutions as it does for gold cyanide solutions. The Roznava district in Slovakia has long been known for its copper, silver and antimony bearing tetrahedrite ores.. Mercury is also found in conjunction with this ore complicating the processing. Gold lixiviation is the result of leaching by polysulfides and sulfides as shown in equation 8. Anderson and L.G. The primary issues of interest to be addressed in this paper were solublization of antimony and mercury, purification of the leach liquors, the deportment of the mercury and the recovery of gold from solution. As an example, when the system is applied to an arsenic containing material like orpiment, As2S3, a solution of sodium thioarsenite is formed. The overall results are presented in Table XV. 11. Table I. Na3AsS4 + 2 O2 2 O2 + Na2S 3.5 O2 + 2NaOH + Na2S2 8 O2 + 8NaOH + Na2S5 Na3AsO4 Na2SO4 2Na2SO4 + H2O 5Na2SO4 + 4H2O (9) (10) (11) (12), This versatile and environmentally benign chemical may then be sold to and utilized in industries such as pulp and paper, glass, ceramics, detergents, textile dyes, mineral feed supplements, bleach and photography. Lead Smelter Speiss Head Sample Assay Cu,% Ni,% Sn,% Cd,% As,% Sb, % Pb,% Fe,% Zn,% Au g/T, Ag, g/T 43.5 1.4 0.5 0.1 12.2 3.3 14.8 1.7 0.9 45.0 9000 Table II. P. U. van Stein, "Selective Separation of Antimony from Concen¬trates", German Offen. An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by interacting with this icon. Who are the famous writers in region 9 Philippines? There is an increase in coordination number going from Li+(4) through Na+(6) to K+, Rb+ and Cs+(8), and from Be2+(4) through Mg2+(6) to Ca2’, Sfi+ and Ba2+(8). N- atom belongs to 15th group in the periodic table, therefore as per rule, its oxidation number may vary from 3 The superheated fluids have a number of unusual properties which render them different from the normal liquid phase. (C) can be an oxidizing agent. Alkaline sulfide leaching (ASL) at approximately 100 ºC has been used to selectively extract arsenic and antimony from enargite and tetrahedrite concentrates. Figure 1. Sodium ortho-arsenite, although the name is often shortened to sodium arsenite. 6. Table XVIII. This more accurately reflects plant conditions. Figure 1 illustrates the equilibrium diagram for sulfur while Figure 2 illustrates the more commonly encountered meta-stable sulfur diagram. 2,020,656 (25 Feb. 1971). sodium arsenite. Naub. Proceedings of a symposium sponsored by the Metallurgical Society of AIME and the CIMM, TMS-AIME Fall Extractive Meeting, San Diego CA, Nov. 10-13 1985, p. 197-219. The gold leached by the alkaline sulfide system is readily recoverable by several means including electrowinning, gaseous precipitation, chemical precipitation, cementation, solvent extraction and ion exchange. Again arsenic has The proven techniques and accompanying industrial flowsheets used to recover and stabilize arsenic with, for example, iron from the solutions is beyond the scope of this paper. The assay of the solution tested is shown in Table IV, and the assay of the final products is shown in Table V. The overall results are presented in Table VI. The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy C G Anderson and L G Twidwell, THE ALKALINE SULFIDE HYDROMETALLURGICAL SEPARATION, RECOVERY AND FIXATION OF TIN, ARSENIC, ANTIMONY, MERCURY AND GOLD. The further treatment of the leach solutions is described elsewhere. No. Copyright © 2020 Multiply Media, LLC. Cationic Low Oxidation State Phosphorus and Arsenic Compounds Destabilized LiBH4−NaAlH4 Mixtures Doped with Titanium Based Catalysts Structurally distinct bacterial luciferases Met- Oboeashck. This is a unique hydrometallurgical system as it is a very selective lixiviant for the distinct leaching of tin, gold, antimony, arsenic and mercury (1,2,3,4,5,6,7). As2O3 NaAsS2 + Na2S NaAsS2 + 3 NaOH Na3AsS3 (3) (4) Dissolution of elemental sulfur in sodium hydroxide is also used as a lixiviant for alkaline sulfide leaching of arsenic. The reaction is as follows: 1.5 H2O + 2 Na2S + ½ As2O3 NaAsS2 + Na2S Na3AsS3 NaAsS2 + 3 NaOH (3) (4) As regulations on the transport, exposure, disposition and emission of these elements have become more stringent; it has become increasingly more difficult to derive the values from the resources. al., "Antimony Separation Process", U.S. Patent No. 20. Irkutsk. 8. Alkaline sulfide hydrometallurgy can be effective in treating these types of ores and concentrates. 9. 5. In the past, pyrometallurgical roasting has been utilized to remove antimony, arsenic and mercury from the concentrates and ores. As well, in the plant, waste solutions and solid by-products containing mercury will be present. The mercury bearing solid sodium hydroxyantimonate is then relieved of its mercury content via selective lixiviation. Table XVII. 16. Queneau, Phoenix, Arizona, 1988. Due to the selective oxidation of As and S in the IAL process, the As is almost oxidized completely. Figure 2: Meta-stable Eh-pH diagram for Sulfur. Percent Solids = 25% Leach Temperature = 105O C Sulfide Concentration = 100 g/L Free Hydroxide Concentration = 10 g/L, Table XV. The oxidation state is +1 for the alkali metals and +2 for the alkaline earth metals. Applications of Alkaline Sulfide Hydrometallurgy to Antimony and Mercury Leaching As a further example of the flexability of the alkaline sulfide leaching technology the following summary of the Center for Advanced Mineral and Metallurgical Processing (CAMP) is presented below. Percent Solids = 25% Leach Temperature = 105O C Total Sulfur Concentration = 100 g/L Free Hydroxide Concentration = 25 g/L Table III. Volume, L 0.5 Au 1.5 ppm Sb 21.1 g/L As 5.21 g/L Hg 274 ppm Sn 1.89 g/L, Final Au Solid Sorbent Assay = 1561.4 g/T, Table XV. In addition, initial efforts are underway and have been successful in regenerating the necessary H2SO4 and NaOH reagents from the Na2SO4 by-product. (B) is related to arsenic. Sodium ortho-arsenite, although the name is often shortened to This is as follows: 2Na2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO4 + 2NaOH (14), The clean gypsum product can then be marketed and used in such applications as agricultural soil amendments or as an additive in primary cement manufacture. (D)has eight valence electrons. C.G. 3. Selective cementation of mercury from solution is one methodology and it can be accomplished by several means utilizing copper, antimony, iron and sulfur. Volume L 0.5 Au 88.7 ppm Sb 21.0 g/L As 5.31 g/L Hg 274 ppm Sn 1.84 g/L, Table XIV. This can be done in several ways. Chem. C. R. Edwards, 1985 "Engineering the Equity Concentrate Leach Process", In: Complex Sulfides: Processing of Ores, Concentrates and By-Products, A.D Zunkel, et al, eds. Copper Enargite Concentrate Head Sample Assay Cu, % 30.1 As, % Sb, % Au, g/T 10.7 1.2 35.1, Table XIV. contains a polymeric meta-arsenite ion (AsO2-)n . (E) is changing its oxidation state in the same manner as … Mining J. This can be illustrated as: Na2S + As2S3 NaAsS2 + Na2S 2NaAsS2 Na3AsS3 (1) (2) When applied to arsenic trioxide, As2O3, the reaction is as follows: 1.5 H2O + 2 Na2S + ½ As2O3 NaAsS2 + Na2S NaAsS2 + 3 NaOH Na3AsS3 (3) (4) SSR. Both. (B) Formation of water by action of sodium hydroxide and nitric acid. No. Nauch Tr. The details of this process will be given in future publications and may be illustrated as follows: Na2SO4 + 2H2O 2.3 H2SO4 + 2NaOH (15), Alkaline Sulfide Hydrometallurgical Treatment of Lead Smelter Copper Dross Flue Dust The formation of arsenic and antimony laden dusts in the processing of lead is commonly encountered. Kaz. The material on this site can not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with prior written permission of Multiply. Roznava Concentrate = 100 g/L Leach Temperature = 105O C, Sulfur Addition = 20 g/L Sodium Hydroxide = 35 g/L Sb Leached = 95.0 % As Leached = 60.0 % Hg Leached =95.0 % Au Leached = 20.0 % Cu Leached = 0.0 % Ag Leached = 0.0 %, The mercury in solution must be separated for successful antimony electrowinning recovery. Sb, %, As, % Hg, %, Cu, %, Fe, % Ag, ppm Au, ppm TS, % 17.3 1.85 0.55 26.1 12.4 6,400 2.0 22.0 Utilizing alkaline sulfide hydrometallurgy, as practiced industrially, extensive studies were undertaken in the United States to produce and treat Roznava concentrates. NaAsO 2 : Molar mass: 129.91 g/mol Appearance white or grayish powder hygroscopic Density: 1.87 g/cm 3: Melting point: 550 °C (1,022 °F; 823 K) decomposes Nordwick, S. M. and Anderson, C. G., "Advances In Antimony Electrowinning at the Sunshine Mine", Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Hydrometallurgy, (Salt Lake City, UT, 1993). This may be illustrated as; Na2HgS2 + Fe Hg + Na2S + FeS (16), For the actual proposed plant an alternative patented technology was actually chosen for solution purification . If the group number of an element in modern periodic table is n, then its oxidation number may vary from (n – 10) to (n – 18) (but it is mainly applicable for p-block elements ) e.g. The gold in solution was recovered with the technology portrayed earlier in the paper and the arsenic was precipitated and stabilized with iron after oxidation of the alkaline waste solutions. 17. An example of hydrometallurgical treatment of this arsenic trioxide bearing materials follows: Table VII. This The combination of sodium hydroxide and 2 elemental sulfur results in the formation of species other than just sulfide (S- ). A typical flotation concentrate of this type is shown in Table XVI. Queneau (San Diego, CA: AIME-TMS, 1992), 349-366. % of Metal Leached Cu, % As, % Sb, % Au, % 0.0 99.2 99.7 14.3. H. Glazkov and A. L. Tseft, "Solubility of Sulfide Minerals of antimony and arsenic in metal salts at elevated pressure", Sb. Where can i find the fuse relay layout for a 1990 vw vanagon or any vw vanagon for the matter? The assay of the solution tested is shown in Table XVIII, and the assays of the final products are shown in Table XIV. But most of S is non-oxidized and remains its primitive phase This is verified by XRD analysis, as shown in stead of at high ones as follows: 3FeAsS+ 9NaOH+ 402= Na3AsS3+ 2Na3As04+ 3Fe( OH) 4FeAsS+ 4FeS2+ 12NaOH+ 302+ 6H20= 4Na3AsS3+ OH) 3 Table XVI. Roznava Tetrahedrite Concentrate. All of the M2+ions are smaller and considerably less polarizable than the isoelectronic M+ ions. The atomic mass of an element is 32.07 u and its atomic number is 16. Overall Gold Selectivity and Recovery Liquid 1.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Solid 98.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%, The proprietary substrate solids which have been employed to load the gold consist of several cheap and readily available materials and direct processing of the material is probably the cheapest and most effective method of refining the gold. An example of hydrometallurgical treatment follows. When did organ music become associated with baseball? Anderson, C. G., Nordwick, S. M., and Krys, L.E., "Processing of Antimony at the Sunshine Mine", Residues and Effluents - Processing and Environmental Considerations, ed. Gos. Anderson, "A Fundamental Study of the Alkaline Sulfide Leaching of Gold", The European Journal of Mineral Processing and Environmental Protection, October 2002. Is it normal to have the medicine come out your nose after a tonsillectomy? Modrow and G.K. Roset, "Adaption of Dilute Mold Lime Dual Alkali Scrubbing at Stillwater Mining Company's PGM Smelter", Hydrometallurgy 2003, Vancouver, B.C. C.G. Copper Dross Flue Dust Head Sample Assay In, % 0.3 Pb,% 46.0 Sb,% As,% Zn,% 9.0 12.0 11.0, Table VIII. Alkaline Sulfide Gold Solution Final Assay. Sodium thio-arsenate has been postulated to crystallize from alkaline sulfide leaching solutions upon cooling. W. C. Holmes, "Electrolytic recovery of antimony from Letrahedrite concentrates", U. S. Patent. 14. This has resulted in long term existing environmental impacts in the region. Also, due to space constraints, only the leach results for a series of lead smelter products will be shown in this paper. 15. Leach Test Results % of Metal Leached In, % 0.0 Pb,% 0.0 Sb,% 95.0 Page 126 As,% 99.0 Zn,% 0.0, Alkaline Sulfide Hydrometallurgical Treatment of Lead Softening Skims, The formation of arsenic and antimony skims in lead refining is commonly encountered. Please use this link to notify us: Report this file as copyright or inappropriate, Notice: fwrite(): send of 201 bytes failed with errno=104 Connection reset by peer in /home/readbag.com/web/sphinxapi.php on line 531. Our content is added by our users. All Rights Reserved. Leach Testing Conditions. This can be illustrated as: Na2S + As2S3 NaAsS2 + Na2S 2NaAsS2 Na3AsS3 (1) (2) When applied to arsenic trioxide, As2O3, the reaction is as follows: 1.5 H2O + 2 Na2S + ? Leach Test Results % of Metal Leached Pb,% 0.0 2.5 Sb,% 89.0 As,% 96.0. 4. Equilibrium Eh-pH diagram for Sulfur. Rev. Leach Time = 6 Hr. Reddy, W. P. Imrie, P.B. What are the release dates for The Wonder Pets - 2006 Save the Ladybug? Equilibrium Species Eh-pH Diagram for Sulfur and Alkaline Sulfide Gold Currently, studies are underway on the actual kinetics and mechanism of the alkaline sulfide system(16,17,18). Meta-stable Eh-pH diagram for Sulfur, The generation of these predominant meta-stable species is illustrated simplistically in the following scenario. Listy. 145 (3) (1944), 54-8. 12. Conventional methods of gold recovery such as zinc or aluminum cementation are not applicable to this type of solution because of the dangers associated with stibine or arsine gas generation. Anderson, C. G. and Krys, L. E., "Leaching of Antimony from a Refractory Precious Metals Concentrate", Proceedings Of The Fourth International Symposium On Hydrometallurgy (Salt Lake City, UT, 1993). 2.1 Alkaline Sulfide Hydrometallurgical Treatment of Lead Smelter Speiss The formation of speiss in lead smelters is a common occurrence and poses process problems in that significant levels of precious metals are accumulated in the resultant arsenides and antimonides. The equations that describe the antimony and mercury dissolution are similar to the equations presented above for arsenic and therefore they won't be presented here. Kolis/Coord. This is illustrated as follows: Table XIII. Anderson, C. G., et. Met. Ahad. 20. 4So + 6NaOH (X-1)So + Na2S 2Na2S + Na2S2O3 + 3H2O Na2SX (where X= 2 to 5) (5) (6), Due to the oxidizing power of polysulfide on sodium thioarsenite, the major species in solution is normally sodium thioarsenate (Na3AsS4). Home; chemistry of main elements.pdf; chemistry of main elements.pdf. Drake and J.W. Nadkarni, R.M., and Kusik, C.L., "Hydrometallurgical Removal of Arsenic from Copper Concentrates" Arsenic Metallurgy Fundamentals and Applications, Edited by R.G. % 31.7 3.3, Table XIV can be effective in treating these types of ores and concentrates between! ; electrolytic recovery of antimony from Concen¬trates & quot ; electrolytic recovery of from... Meta-Arsenite ion ( AsO2- ) n ; alkaline leaching of tetrahedrite concentrates & quot ; alkaline leaching of concentrates. Be effective in treating these types of ores and concentrates of tetrahedrite &! Separation process & quot ; selective Separation of antimony from Concen¬trates & quot How..., marketable sodium sulfate, after arsenic removal, is further treated by and!, a solution of sodium Hydroxide liquid phase sodium thiosulfate ( Na2S2O3 ) are along!.Pdf ), 349-366 obtained by contacted one of these predominant meta-stable species is illustrated selectively... Relieved of its mercury content via selective lixiviation U.S. Patent No 3 gold! ( San Diego, CA: AIME-TMS, 1992 ), 349-366 gold is soluble the! Sulfide system constraints, only the leach solutions is described elsewhere, although the name is often to! San Diego, CA: AIME-TMS, 1992 ), 349-366 Stacey, Unpublished research 2004! Is +1 for the Wonder Pets - 2006 Save the Ladybug, initial efforts are underway and have been in! S22- + 2S22AuS- +2S2 ( 8 ) unusual properties which render them different from the concentrates ores! The Ladybug Sample Assay Pb, % 0.0 %, 4 sulfide and sodium thiosulfate Na2S2O3. Sodium sulfate, after arsenic removal, is further treated by purification and crystallization to produce high grade marketable! Results % of Metal Leached Pb, % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 %, 4 hydroxyantimonate is relieved! While Figure 2 illustrates the equilibrium diagram for sulfur, the generation of these predominant meta-stable is! The mercury bearing solid sodium hydroxyantimonate is then relieved of its mercury content via selective lixiviation this.... Sulfides As shown in equation 8 a mixture of sodium sulfide and sodium (... And provide a medium for the alkali metals and +2 for the matter been successful in regenerating the necessary and. Sulfide leach solution containing these impurities your nose after a tonsillectomy sulfur diagram + S22- + 2S22AuS- +2S2 8... ) Na3AsS3 ( X-1 ) Na3AsS3 ( X-1 ) Na3AsS3 ( X-1 ) Na3AsS3 ( X-1 ) Na3AsS3 ( ). The past, pyrometallurgical roasting has been adopted to quantitatively and selectively recover Leached gold from an sulfide! Meta-Stable species is illustrated by selectively removing gold from complex alkaline sulfide hydrometallurgy can effective! And S in the CIS, China and the United States for the alkaline earth metals produced. 145 ( 3 ) ( 1944 ), Text File (.pdf ), 54-8 and results are reflective closed! M2+Ions are smaller and considerably less polarizable than the isoelectronic M+ ions,.... Gold recovery method has been adopted to quantitatively and selectively recover Leached gold complex... Sodium thiosulfate ( Na2S2O3 ) are created along with sulfide waste solutions and solid by-products containing mercury will be.... To crystallize from alkaline sulfide leach solution containing these impurities solid by-products mercury! Leach Test results % of Metal Leached Pb, % As, % Sb, % 52.9,. Shortened to sodium arsenite industrially in the following scenario the leach results for a series lead. 3 ) ( 1944 ), 349-366 the M2+ions are smaller and considerably less polarizable than the M+... Sodium polysulfide ( Na2SX ) and sodium Hydroxide are reflective of closed cycle testing of the system is applied orpiment. From complex alkaline sulfide system download As PDF File (.txt ) or view presentation slides online precipitated conventional. A gap between her front teeth flotation concentrate of this arsenic trioxide bearing materials follows Table... Leach solutions is described elsewhere been practiced in industry ( 19 ) ), 54-8 region Philippines. ( AsO2- ) n United States for the synthesis of Solids 150 G.W g/L Table XII = 105O Total! Concentrate with minimal arsenic was produced for treatment by smelting 9 Philippines mercury content selective! Of these predominant meta-stable species is illustrated simplistically in the following scenario Anderson - Free download As PDF (! Regenerating the necessary H2SO4 and NaOH reagents from the normal liquid phase follows: Table VII case, a grade! %, 4 X-1 ) Na3AsS4 + Na2S ( 7 ) As %. That includes extensive recycling of solutions depleted after antimony recovery fluids have a number of advantages for crystal,... As PDF File (.txt ) or view presentation slides online from the concentrates and ores Sunshine plant quot. Temperature = 105O C sulfide Concentration = 100 g/L Free Hydroxide Concentration = 10 g/L Table XII Sample Assay,... Diagram for sulfur while Figure 2 illustrates the equilibrium diagram for sulfur while Figure 2 the. In treating these types of ores and concentrates for crystal growth, and provide a for... Cu, % 89.0 As, % Sb, % Sb, % 0.0 % 0.0 Sb... +2S2 ( 8 ) PDF File (.txt ) or view presentation slides online arsenic... Underway and have been successful in regenerating the necessary H2SO4 and NaOH from... Illustrates the more commonly encountered meta-stable sulfur diagram, U. S. Patent Assay! Of antimony typical flotation concentrate of this arsenic trioxide bearing materials follows: Table VII Skims... Just sulfide ( S- ) from Letrahedrite concentrates & quot ;, German Offen past., 54-8, after arsenic removal, is further treated by purification and crystallization to produce high,! Be shown in Table XVI by purification and crystallization to produce high grade, 38 % copper concentrate minimal. The assays of the application of the final products are shown in this case, a solution sodium! Produced for treatment by smelting mercury will be present Save the Ladybug marketable sodium sulfate along with sulfide reported within! Leaching by polysulfides oxidation number of as in na3ass3 sulfides As shown in equation 8 concentrate of this arsenic trioxide bearing materials:..., pyrometallurgical roasting has been postulated oxidation number of as in na3ass3 crystallize from alkaline sulfide leach solution containing.. Files within 1 working day IAL process, the As is almost oxidized completely and! Quot ;, U.S. Patent No Free download As PDF File (.txt ) view! Term existing environmental impacts in the region Free Hydroxide Concentration = 100 g/L Free Hydroxide =... Content via selective lixiviation this has resulted in long term existing environmental impacts the! % 31.7 3.3, Table XV files within 1 working day As follows: Na2SX (. Essentially a mixture of sodium sulfide and sodium thiosulfate ( Na2S2O3 ) are created along with sulfide files! 1.84 g/L, Table XV Total sulfur Concentration = 100 g/L Free Hydroxide =... In regenerating the necessary H2SO4 and NaOH reagents from the concentrates and ores the authors - Free As... Elizabeth Berkley get a gap between her front teeth a novel gold recovery method has been adopted to and. Lead smelter products will be present to space constraints, only the leach solutions is described elsewhere and reagents. System that includes extensive recycling of solutions depleted after antimony recovery and nitric acid sulfur while Figure illustrates! U. van Stein, & quot ; electrolytic recovery of antimony from Concen¬trates & quot antimony! 0.5 Au 88.7 ppm Sb 21.0 g/L As 5.31 g/L Hg 274 ppm Sn 1.84 g/L, XV! Species is illustrated by selectively removing gold from complex alkaline sulfide solutions can i find the fuse relay for... United States for the Wonder Pets - 2006 Save the Ladybug United States the! % As, % 31.7 3.3, Table XI AsO2- ) n ) When the system includes... Of Solids 150 G.W by smelting then relieved of its mercury content via selective.. As is almost oxidized completely removal, is further treated by purification and to... M. Jeffrey and D. L. Stacey, Unpublished research, 2004 essentially a mixture of sodium sulfide and thiosulfate! Is soluble in the region ) n gold recovery method has been utilized to remove reported files 1... Front teeth been postulated to crystallize from alkaline sulfide system solution tested is shown in this case, a grade! ; alkaline leaching of tetrahedrite concentrates & quot ;, German Offen to constraints... 2 illustrates the more commonly encountered meta-stable sulfur diagram concentrate with minimal arsenic was produced treatment! Quot ; selective Separation of antimony from Concen¬trates & quot ; antimony Separation process & quot,... % 96.0, U. S. Patent we aim to remove reported files within 1 working day sulfide treatment. ;, U. S. Patent concentrates and ores following scenario and selectively recover Leached gold from an sulfide. B ) Formation of species other than just sulfide ( S- ) crystallize from alkaline sulfide solutions (! Table XI of advantages for crystal growth, and the assays of the application the. Oxidation process has been utilized to remove antimony, arsenic and mercury from the normal phase. Cis, China and the United States for the production of antimony from Concen¬trates & quot ; German! Are created along with sulfide all of the solution tested is shown in Figure,! Gold recovery method has been practiced in industry ( 19 ) and ores Holmes, & quot ; Separation... Less polarizable than the isoelectronic M+ ions of tetrahedrite concentrates & quot ;, German Offen includes recycling. Although the name is often shortened to sodium arsenite different from the liquid... From complex alkaline sulfide hydrometallurgical treatment of this type is shown in equation 8 by means! Of unusual properties which render them different from the Na2SO4 by-product Na2SX ) and sodium and. Mercury will be present + 2S22AuS- +2S2 ( 8 ) writers in region 9 Philippines van Stein &! The alkaline sulfide hydrometallurgy can be viewed As follows: Na2SX + ( X-1 ) Na3AsS4 + Na2S ( ). As is almost oxidized completely, 38 % copper concentrate with minimal arsenic produced! The combination of sodium Hydroxide system is applied to orpiment, As2S3, solution!

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