In 1625 he became king when his father died. Camilla Parker Bowles married Prince Charles in 2005, after a long-term love affair with the future king. Along with van Dyck's earlier picture of the three eldest children, it was an immensely popular composition, and was copied many times. Charles believed strongly in the divine right of kings - that God gave him absolute power to rule as he thought fit. Charles spent the day burning papers, praying and saying sad farewells to his two youngest children, Henry Duke of Gloucester, aged 9 and Princess Elizabeth, who was 11. The second son of James I, he became heir apparent when his older brother Henry died in 1612. Charles I of England was the king of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1625 to 1649. Charles I was born in Fife on 19 November 1600, the second son of James VI of Scotland and Anne of Denmark. He also took up fencing. It shows the children at full length with two dogs, the mastiff depicted here and a small 'King Charles' spaniel at the right. HEIR. Charles I of England (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649), was the monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. Henry, Charles’ older brother, who was supposed to succeed King James I, unfortunately died of typhoid in 1612. He was the second surviving son of King James I of England.He became heir apparent to the English, Irish and Scottish thrones on the death of his elder brother in 1612. The next day the King was moved to St James’s Palace. Charles I was born on 19 November 1600 and died on 30 January 1649. On the death of Elizabeth I in 1603 James became king of England and Ireland. Although his marriage to Catherine of Braganza was childless, Charles II had many illegitimate children by various mistresses:-. He was a son of James I … However, Charles conquered his condition, as he became an adept horseman and marksman. He became the monarch from March 27, 1625 until he was executed in 1649. King James VI of Scotland was the father of Charles of England. Charles refused to see anyone but his children and his chaplain, Bishop Juxon. Charles I (1600-1649) has gone down in history for losing his head! Charles was born in Dunfermline Palace, Fife, Scotland on 19 November 1600.He was the second surviving son of James VI, King of Scotland and Anne, daughter of King Frederick II of Denmark.Queen Elizabeth I of England died childless in 1603 and James VI ascended the throne of England as James I. The illegitimate Children of Charles II. Here are some interesting facts about Charles I of England to note: Facts about Charles I of England 1: the father of Charles I of England. Later, he married a Bourbon princess, Henrietta Maria of France, after a failed Spanish match. 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